Yes, they can. Every computing device has an ID similar to Windows GDID. You can see yours in Linux with “cat /etc/machine-id”. If I am not mistaken, it changes when you install another distros, but I’ve never checked. Now, since there is a machine ID, using Microsoft services are highly likely to grab that ID, but I am not certain that would happen, I’m just guessing it does, because Microslop. In any case, my suggestion is to remain away from any big tech bullshit as much as your needs will allow.