in theory, in practice you just need to be convincing enough to get greedier/dumber people to pay for your shit in the gamble they might get more in return later. (they like to call themselves “investors”, but most are just degenerate gamblers) and then cover your own ass if/when the house of cards tumbles.

building and popping bubbles, and fleecing as many people as possible throughout the whole thing, is what the US financial markets casino is literally designed to facilitate