Calorie is a measure of how much energy is in a unit of food. Carbs is a shorter word for carbohydrates: energy-rich nutrients made primarily of carbon and hydrogen Glucose is a type of sugar, a simple sugar that releases energy very quickly and easily. Sugars are carbohydrates, but not all carbohydrates are sugars. Gluten is a wheat protein that makes baked goods chewy and coherent instead of crumbly.